The Incoherence of the Philosophers by Al-Ghazali

The Incoherence of the Philosophers by Al-Ghazali is a major theological and philosophical critique of certain claims made by Islamic philosophers. Al-Ghazali challenges ideas about the eternity of the world, divine knowledge, causality, and resurrection. He argues that some philosophical conclusions conflict with revealed religion and exceed the proper limits of reason. The work does not reject all rational inquiry, but questions the authority of metaphysical speculation when it contradicts faith. Its arguments helped reshape debates about philosophy and theology in the Islamic world. The book also provoked Averroes’s famous reply, The Incoherence of The Incoherence.